Category: Maintenance Tips

Owning a Cessna 172 means taking responsibility for basic maintenance and preflight tasks. While major repairs require an A&P mechanic, having the right tools on hand lets you handle routine items, make minor adjustments, and avoid being stranded at remote airports. Here are the 10 essential tools every Cessna 172 owner should keep in their hangar.

1. Aviation-Grade Tire Pressure Gauge

Proper tire pressure is critical for safe operations. The 172’s main gear tires should be inflated to approximately 30-42 psi (check your POH for exact specs), and underinflation causes increased wear, poor handling, and potential tire failure.

What to Look For:

• 0-60 psi range (covers all GA aircraft)
• Low-pressure accuracy (+/- 1 psi)
• Bleed valve for precise adjustment
• Durable construction for hangar use

Why It Matters: Automotive tire gauges are designed for higher pressures and may not be accurate at aircraft tire pressures. A proper aviation gauge ensures accurate readings.

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2. Aircraft Fuel Tester (GATS Jar)

Checking fuel for water and contamination is a critical preflight item. A proper fuel tester makes this safe and easy.

Recommended: GATS Jar

The GATS (GA Testing Services) jar has become the industry standard. Its transparent body shows fuel color and any water contamination (water sinks to the bottom). The unique design allows testing without spilling avgas on your hands.

Features to Want:

• Clear body for visual inspection
• Screwdriver tip for quick-drain sumps
• Capacity to test multiple sumps
• Secure cap to prevent spills

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3. Oil Dipstick and Funnel

Adding oil between changes is routine for air-cooled engines. Having the right equipment prevents spills and contamination.

Oil Funnel Requirements:

• Flexible neck to navigate tight spaces
• Screen to catch debris
• Aviation-specific design (not automotive)
• Clean and dedicated to oil only

Dipstick Note: The 172’s dipstick is aircraft-specific. Keep the original in good condition, and know that reading the dipstick correctly (check warm, after oil settles) matters for accurate levels.

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4. Torque Wrench (Inch-Pounds)

Many aircraft fasteners require specific torque values. Over-tightening damages hardware; under-tightening risks loosening in flight. An inch-pound torque wrench is essential for any owner who does their own work.

Specifications:

• Range: 20-200 inch-pounds (covers most aircraft hardware)
• 1/4″ drive (standard for aircraft work)
• Click-type or beam-type (both work)
• Calibration certificate or recent calibration

Common Uses:

• Spark plug installation (300-360 in-lbs typical)
• Cowling fasteners
• Inspection panel screws
• Oil drain plug

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5. Spark Plug Socket Set

Inspecting and cleaning spark plugs is preventive maintenance that owners can perform. You’ll need the right sockets to remove plugs without damage.

Cessna 172 Spark Plug Specs:

• Most Continental engines: 7/8″ spark plug socket
• Socket must have rubber insert to protect plug ceramic
• 6-point socket preferred for grip
• Extension required for access

Also Useful:

• Spark plug gap gauge
• Spark plug cleaning brush
• Anti-seize compound (aviation grade)

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6. Dzus Fastener Tool

Cessna 172 cowlings and inspection panels use Dzus (pronounced “zoose”) quarter-turn fasteners. While you can use a screwdriver, a dedicated Dzus tool makes removal and installation much easier.

Why You Need One:

• Faster than screwdriver (saves minutes per inspection)
• Less likely to damage fastener or panel
• Works on stuck fasteners better than screwdriver
• Inexpensive (~$10-15)

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7. Digital Multimeter

Electrical troubleshooting is common in aging aircraft. A multimeter helps diagnose charging system issues, bad grounds, and failed switches.

Useful Functions:

• DC voltage (checking battery, alternator output)
• Resistance/continuity (checking grounds, switches)
• Current (checking draw, charging)
• Diode testing (for alternator diodes)

Quality Matters: A reliable multimeter with good probes and accurate readings is worth the investment. Cheap meters can give misleading readings.

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8. Safety Wire Pliers

Safety wire secures critical fasteners (oil drain plug, magneto timing plugs, etc.) from loosening in flight. Proper safety wiring requires dedicated pliers.

Features:

• Automatic twist function
• Wire cutter built in
• Comfortable handles for repetitive use
• Lock to maintain tension while twisting

Note: Safety wiring is typically performed by A&P mechanics, but owners who do owner-assisted annuals or preventive maintenance benefit from having the right tools.

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9. Inspection Mirror and Light

Much of aircraft inspection involves looking into tight spaces. A telescoping mirror and focused light are essential for thorough preflight and maintenance inspections.

Inspection Mirror:

• Telescoping handle (18-30″ extension)
• Swivel head for angle adjustment
• Quality mirror surface (not scratched)

Inspection Light:

• LED for brightness and battery life
• Flexible neck or magnetic base
• Compact enough to fit in engine compartment
• Bright enough to illuminate dark corners

Pro Tip: A borescope with camera allows seeing around corners and recording what you find. Increasingly affordable and very useful for engine inspections.

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10. Pitot Tube Cover Set

Protecting your pitot system from insects and debris during storage prevents blocked pitot tubes—a serious safety hazard. Every 172 owner needs proper covers.

Cover Set Should Include:

• Pitot tube cover with “Remove Before Flight” streamer
• Static port covers if accessible
• Bright red color for visibility
• Secure fit that won’t blow off in wind

Related Items:

• Engine plugs for long-term storage
• Tie-down kit for securing aircraft
• Control lock for gust protection

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Bonus: The Owner’s Toolbox

Beyond the 10 essentials above, a complete owner’s toolkit should include:

• Screwdriver set: Phillips and flat, various sizes
• Combination wrenches: 3/8″ through 3/4″
• Socket set: 1/4″ and 3/8″ drive, SAE sizes
• Pliers: Standard, needle-nose, diagonal cutters
• Allen wrench set: SAE sizes
• Flashlight: Bright LED for preflight
• Duct tape and speed tape: Emergency repairs
• Zip ties: Various sizes
• Shop towels/rags: For cleanup

Tool Storage

Keep your aircraft tools separate from automotive tools. Aviation tools should be:

• Clean and free of debris
• Organized for quick access
• Stored in the hangar near the aircraft
• Inventoried (so you know if something’s missing before closing up)

A dedicated toolbox or roll-up tool bag keeps everything together and makes transport easy.

Conclusion

The right tools empower you to maintain your Cessna 172 properly, handle minor issues, and avoid being stranded. While major repairs require an A&P, every owner should be equipped for routine maintenance and thorough preflight inspections.

Invest in quality tools—they’ll last for years and make every maintenance task easier and safer. Your aircraft deserves proper care, and proper care starts with proper tools.

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Choosing the right oil for your aircraft engine is one of the most important maintenance decisions you’ll make. The wrong oil can accelerate wear, cause corrosion, and lead to expensive engine problems. This comprehensive guide covers everything you need to know about aviation oils in 2025.

Why Aviation Oil Matters

Aircraft engines operate under extreme conditions: high temperatures, varying altitudes, extended idle periods, and demanding performance requirements. Automotive oil isn’t designed for these conditions—aviation oil is specifically formulated to protect air-cooled engines in flight environments.

The consequences of wrong oil selection include:

• Accelerated cylinder and cam wear
• Corrosion during storage periods
• Deposit formation and sludge
• Reduced time between overhauls (TBO)
• Potential engine failure

Getting oil right protects your engine investment—potentially $30,000-$70,000 for a typical GA engine.

Understanding Oil Types

Mineral Oil (Straight Weight)

Mineral oil is refined from petroleum without synthetic additives. It’s primarily used during engine break-in because it allows piston rings to seat properly against cylinder walls.

When to Use:

• First 25-50 hours after new engine or overhaul
• When manufacturer specifies mineral oil break-in

Brands: Phillips 66 X/C, AeroShell Oil 80/100

Ashless Dispersant (AD) Oil

AD oils contain additives that keep contaminants suspended in the oil rather than depositing on engine parts. The “ashless” designation means these additives don’t leave metalite deposits that could cause pre-ignition.

When to Use:

• After break-in is complete
• Normal operation of broken-in engines
• Most common type for GA aircraft

Popular AD Oils: AeroShell W100, Phillips 66 X/C Aviation, Exxon Elite

Multi-Viscosity (Multi-Grade) Oil

Multi-viscosity oils (like 15W-50 or 20W-50) provide better flow at cold temperatures while maintaining protection at operating temperature. They’re increasingly popular for year-round flying.

Advantages:

• Easier cold starts with faster oil circulation
• Reduced wear during warm-up
• Good protection across temperature ranges

Popular Multi-Grades: AeroShell 15W-50, Phillips 66 X/C 20W-50

Semi-Synthetic Oil

Semi-synthetic oils blend petroleum base stocks with synthetic components for enhanced performance. They offer some benefits of full synthetics at lower cost.

Example: AeroShell Oil W 15W-50 (contains synthetic components)

Oil Comparison Chart

Oil	Type	Grade	Best For	Price/Qt
AeroShell W100	AD	SAE 50	Warm climates	~$12
AeroShell W80	AD	SAE 40	Cold climates	~$12
AeroShell 15W-50	Multi-grade	15W-50	Year-round	~$14
Phillips 66 X/C 20W-50	Multi-grade	20W-50	Year-round	~$13
Exxon Elite 20W-50	Semi-synthetic	20W-50	Premium protection	~$16
AeroShell Oil 100 (Mineral)	Mineral	SAE 50	Break-in only	~$11

Choosing the Right Oil for Your Engine

Continental Engines

Continental recommends ashless dispersant oils for normal operation. For break-in, they specify mineral oil for the first 25 hours or until oil consumption stabilizes.

Continental Recommendations:

• Break-in: AeroShell 80 or 100 (mineral)
• Normal operation: AeroShell W80, W100, or 15W-50
• Cold weather: 15W-50 multi-grade or W80

Lycoming Engines

Lycoming also recommends ashless dispersant oils and requires mineral oil for break-in until oil consumption stabilizes (typically 25-50 hours).

Lycoming Recommendations:

• Break-in: Straight mineral oil (AeroShell 80/100)
• Normal operation: AD oil appropriate for climate
• Multi-grade: Approved for most Lycoming engines

Rotax Engines

Rotax 912/914 series engines require automotive-type synthetic or semi-synthetic oils meeting specific specifications. Do NOT use standard aviation oil in Rotax engines.

Rotax Requirements:

• API SG or higher classification
• 10W-40 or 5W-40 viscosity
• Synthetic or semi-synthetic base
• AeroShell Sport Plus 4 is specifically designed for Rotax

Oil Selection by Climate

Hot Climates (Average >80°F)

Use heavier viscosity oils that maintain protection at high temperatures:

• AeroShell W100 (straight 50 weight)
• Multi-grade 15W-50 or 20W-50

Cold Climates (Average <40°F)

Use lighter viscosity for easier cold starts and faster circulation:

• AeroShell W80 (straight 40 weight)
• Multi-grade 15W-50 (flows better cold than straight weight)

Variable Climates

Multi-grade oils provide the best year-round solution:

• 15W-50 works from below freezing to hot summer days
• Eliminates seasonal oil changes

Oil Change Intervals

Typical oil change intervals for GA aircraft:

Scenario	Interval
Regular flying (2+ hrs/week)	50 hours or 4 months
Infrequent flying	25 hours or 4 months
Filtration system installed	Up to 100 hours (per STC)

Important: Time limits matter as much as hours. Oil degrades from moisture accumulation and acid formation even when the aircraft isn’t flying. Aircraft that sit for extended periods may need more frequent changes.

Common Oil Questions

Can I mix different brands of aviation oil?
Generally yes, if they’re the same type (both AD, same viscosity). However, mixing is not recommended for optimal performance. Top off with what’s in the engine; change to a different brand during oil changes.

Can I switch from straight weight to multi-grade?
Yes, during an oil change. Most engine manufacturers approve multi-grade oils. Check your POH and engine manufacturer recommendations.

How do I know when to change oil?
Follow the shorter of hours or calendar time. Also change if oil is visibly contaminated or oil analysis shows problems.

Should I use oil analysis?
Oil analysis ($25-35 per sample) provides valuable trend data on engine wear. Recommended for all aircraft owners, especially if buying a used aircraft or monitoring an aging engine.

What about CamGuard or other additives?
CamGuard is an aftermarket additive that provides additional corrosion protection, particularly valuable for aircraft that don’t fly frequently. Many owners and some engine shops recommend it. Add at each oil change per manufacturer instructions.

Storage and Handling

Oil Storage:

• Store in a cool, dry location
• Keep containers sealed until use
• Check expiration dates (typically 4-5 years from manufacture)
• Don’t store outside where temperature varies

Before Adding Oil:

• Verify correct type and grade for your engine
• Check oil container for contamination or damage
• Use clean funnels and containers
• Never mix automotive oil with aviation oil

Our Top Recommendations

Best Overall: AeroShell 15W-50

The most versatile choice for year-round flying. Excellent cold flow, high-temperature protection, and wide approval across engine types. Semi-synthetic formulation provides modern protection.

Best Value: Phillips 66 X/C 20W-50

Quality multi-grade protection at a slightly lower price point than AeroShell. Good choice for budget-conscious owners who want multi-grade benefits.

Best for Warm Climates: AeroShell W100

When temperatures consistently stay above 60°F, straight 50-weight provides excellent protection. Simpler formulation, widely available, proven track record.

Best for Cold Climates: AeroShell W80

Lighter viscosity flows faster in cold conditions, reducing startup wear. Switch to W100 or multi-grade for summer flying.

Best for Break-In: AeroShell Oil 100 (Mineral)

The standard choice for new or overhauled engines. Allows proper ring seating without the additives that can prevent break-in.

Oil Purchasing Tips

Buy in Cases: Purchasing a case (typically 12 quarts) saves money versus individual quarts. A typical oil change uses 8-12 quarts.

Price Comparison: Aircraft Spruce, Sporty’s, and Amazon often have competitive pricing. Compare including shipping.

Check Dates: Ensure oil hasn’t been sitting in inventory for years. Fresh oil is better oil.

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Every aircraft owner knows that the annual inspection is the most important maintenance event of the year. Whether you’re preparing your Cessna, Piper, or Beechcraft for its yearly checkup, having the right supplies on hand can save time and money while ensuring your aircraft meets all airworthiness requirements.

What is an Annual Inspection?

An annual inspection is a comprehensive examination of your aircraft required by FAR 91.409. Only an IA (Inspection Authorization) holder can perform and sign off an annual inspection, though aircraft owners can assist with disassembly and reassembly under supervision. The inspection covers every system: airframe, powerplant, propeller, and all installed equipment.

Essential Supplies for Your Annual

Safety Wire and Hardware

Safety wire is critical for securing bolts, nuts, and turnbuckles throughout your aircraft. You’ll need .032″ stainless steel safety wire for most applications, along with safety wire pliers. Don’t forget cotter pins in various sizes for securing castellated nuts on control systems.

Oil and Filters

Your annual is the perfect time for an oil change. Stock up on the correct grade of aviation oil for your engine—whether that’s straight mineral oil for break-in or ashless dispersant oil for normal operation. Don’t forget a new oil filter and the proper O-ring.

Filters and Gaskets

Beyond oil filters, you may need fuel filters, air filters, and various gaskets. Inspect your gasket inventory before the annual begins. Common items include rocker cover gaskets, oil sump gaskets, and exhaust gaskets.

Spark Plugs and Ignition

While spark plugs don’t always need replacement at every annual, they do need inspection and cleaning. Have a complete set of new plugs available in case any show excessive wear or damage. Massive electrode and fine wire plugs each have their advocates.

Cleaning Supplies

A thorough annual requires a clean aircraft. Stock up on:

• Aircraft-approved degreasers for engine cleaning
• Aluminum-safe cleaners for airframe surfaces
• Lint-free cloths and shop towels
• Inspection mirrors and borescopes

Lubricants

Proper lubrication extends component life and prevents corrosion. Essential lubricants include:

• Aeroshell 33MS grease for wheel bearings
• LPS-2 or equivalent for control cables
• Corrosion preventive compounds for battery terminals
• Silicone spray for door seals and weatherstripping

Creating Your Annual Inspection Kit

Smart aircraft owners maintain a dedicated annual inspection kit. Store all your supplies together so nothing is forgotten when inspection time arrives. Replace items as they’re used throughout the year.

Recommended Kit Contents:

1. Safety wire (.032″ and .041″)
2. Cotter pins (assorted sizes)
3. Oil (6 quarts minimum)
4. Oil filter
5. Spark plugs (full set)
6. Fuel strainer gasket
7. Rocker cover gaskets
8. Degreaser and cleaners
9. Shop towels
10. Grease and lubricants

Working With Your IA

Communication with your IA is key to a successful annual. Discuss any squawks or concerns before the inspection begins. If you plan to assist with the work, clarify which tasks you can perform under supervision. Owner-assisted annuals can significantly reduce costs while giving you deeper knowledge of your aircraft.

Documentation

Keep records of all parts used during your annual. Serial numbers from filters, part numbers from replaced components, and lot numbers from consumables should all be documented. This information is valuable for warranty claims and helps track component life.

Plan Ahead

Don’t wait until the last minute to gather supplies. Order parts at least two weeks before your scheduled annual to account for shipping delays and potential backorders. Having everything ready when your IA arrives maximizes efficiency and minimizes aircraft downtime.

A well-prepared annual inspection protects your investment, ensures safe flight operations, and often catches small problems before they become expensive repairs. Stock your maintenance kit with quality parts and supplies, and your annual will go smoothly year after year.

Recommended Annual Inspection Supplies

Here are the essential supplies every aircraft owner should have on hand for annual inspection time. These products are trusted by A&P mechanics and aircraft owners nationwide.

Safety Wire Kit with Pliers

This complete kit includes 50 feet of .032″ stainless steel safety wire plus professional-grade safety wire pliers. The pliers feature a reversible twist mechanism for both left and right-hand applications—essential for properly securing bolts, castle nuts, and turnbuckles throughout your aircraft.

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Aviation Grade Safety Wire (1 lb Spool)

For those who go through more wire, this 1-pound spool of APP aviation-grade .032″ stainless steel safety wire meets MS20995C and ASTM A580 specifications. Made from genuine 302/304 stainless steel, this is the same quality wire used by professional maintenance shops.

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AeroShell 33 Airframe Grease

AeroShell Grease 33 is the industry-standard multipurpose airframe grease meeting MIL-PRF-23827C specifications. This 14oz cartridge is perfect for wheel bearings, control system bearings, and general airframe lubrication. Every hangar should have a tube ready for annual inspection time.

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Tempest Oil Filter Torque Wrench

The Tempest AA472 oil filter torque wrench is preset to the correct 17 ft-lbs torque specification for spin-on aviation oil filters. The 1″ hex drive fits all standard aircraft oil filters and includes a built-in torque limiter to prevent over-tightening. Essential for proper filter installation.

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Aviation Oil Filter Cutter

Cutting open your oil filter to inspect for metal contamination is a critical part of any annual inspection. This heavy-duty filter cutter cleanly opens any spin-on aviation oil filter, including Champion, Tempest, and Continental filters. Look for metal particles that could indicate internal engine wear.

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Articulating Inspection Borescope

A quality borescope allows you to inspect cylinder walls, valve seats, and other hard-to-reach areas without disassembly. This 360° articulating model features a 5-inch IPS display, 6 LED lights, and 5X zoom—ideal for engine cylinder inspections and checking for corrosion in airframe cavities.

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Champion Spark Plug REM40E

The Champion REM40E is one of the most common aviation spark plugs, fitting many Continental and Lycoming engine applications. These massive electrode plugs are known for reliability and long service life. Always have a spare set available for your annual in case any plugs show wear or damage.

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